§ 3

Law § 3 of Hammurabi's Code

Summary
in capital cases, the punishment for being unable to prove an accusation is execution.
Translation
If a man came forth in a legal case for (presenting) false testimony (lit. testimony of falsehoods), and has not proved the word/words he spoke, if that case is a capital case, that man will be executed. · ·

Cuneiform

Law § 3 - Cuneiform - Law Code of Hammurabi

Source: Bergmann (1953, p. 4, col. V, lns. 57–67)

Transliteration

šum-ma a-wi-lum i-na di-nim a-na ši-bu-ut sà-ar-ra-tim ú-ṣí-a-am-ma a-wa-at iq-bu-ú la uk-ti-in šum-ma di-nu-um šu-ú di-in na-pí-iš-tim a-wi-lum šu-ú id-da-ak

Source: Huehnergard (2011, p. 216)

Normalization

šumma awīlum ina dīnim ana šībūt sarrātim uṣiam-ma awāt/awât iqbû lā uktīn, šumma dīnum šū dīn napištim, awīlum šū iddâk.

Source: Huehnergard (2013, p. 47)

Translation

If a man came forth in a legal case for (presenting) false testimony (lit. testimony of falsehoods), and has not proved the word/words he spoke, if that case is a capital case, that man will be executed.

Source: Huehnergard (2013, p. 47)

LawgicSnifferSM

Logic Map for § 3

#
Steps
Law Text
  • 1 If
  • 2
  • 3 a man
  • 4 came forth in a legal case for (presenting) false evidence,
  • 5
  • 6 and
  • 7
  • 8 [he]
  • 9 has not proved the words
  • 10 [that] he
  • 11 spoke,
  • 12
  • 13 [and]
  • 14 if
  • 15
  • 16 that case is a capital case,
  • 17
  • 18
  • 19 [then]
  • 20
  • 21 that man
  • 22 will be executed.
  • 23
  • 24
  • 25

GrammarSnifferSM

Akkadian Words in Law § 3

šumma (conditional Particle) "if; whether"

awīlum (Noun form) Masculine Singular Nominative of awīlu "man"

ina (Preposition) "in, on, onto"

ana (Preposition) "to, for, in order to"

(negation Particle) "not, no, nor; (negation)"

šumma (conditional Particle) "if; whether"

awīlum (Noun form) Masculine Singular Nominative of awīlu "man"

iddâk (N-Stem Durative Verb form) 3rd Person Common Singular of dâku "to kill"

Citation

Dedović, B. "§ 3 - eHammurabi." OMNIKA Foundation, 22 Oct. 2023, ehlaw.org/law/3. [Accessed 5 May. 2024]

MLA 9

Dedović, B. (2023, October 22). § 3 - eHammurabi. OMNIKA Foundation. https://ehlaw.org/law/3

APA 7

Dedović, Boban. "§ 3 - eHammurabi." Las Vegas, NV: OMNIKA Foundation. Created October 22, 2023. Modified April 25, 2024. Accessed May 5, 2024. https://ehlaw.org/law/3.

CMS 16

Bibliography

Abulhab, Saad D. The Law Code of Hammurabi: Transliterated and Literally Translated from its Early Classical Arabic Language. New York, NY: Blautopf, 2017.

ACH

Bergmann, Eugen. Codex Ḫammurabi: Textus Primigenius. Rome, Italy: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1953.

CHTP

Huehnergard, John. A Grammar of Akkadian (Third Edition). Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2011.

HAG3

Huehnergard, John. Key to a Grammar of Akkadian (Third Edition). Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2013.

HKEY3

OMNIKA Foundation Contributors. "OMNIKA: Digital Mythology Library & Search Engine." Las Vegas, NV: OMNIKA Foundation, accessed November 14, 2023. https://omnika.org. [Visit]

Richardson, Mervyn E.J. Hammurabi's Laws: Text, Translation and Glossary. New York, NY: T & T Clark International, 2004.

RHL

Sound of Text Contributors. "Sound of Text: AI Text-to-Speech." Accessed November 14, 2023. https://soundoftext.app. [Visit]

SoT

eHammurabi Glossary

The § symbol commonly denotes "a shorthand notation for the word 'section'."

Read more

eHammurabi Glossary

The term Cuneiform commonly means "an ancient writing system used by various cultures around Mesopotamia."

Read more

eHammurabi Glossary

The term Normalization commonly means "the application of grammatical rules unto transliterated sound values."

Read more

eHammurabi Glossary

The term Translation commonly means "the conversion of linguistic contents and their meanings from one language into another."

Read more

eHammurabi Glossary

The term Transliteration commonly means "the conversion of sound values from one writing system into another."

Read more